Doppler ultrasound of umbilical artery in prediction of fetal outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension Sudanese population

The pregnancy induced hypertension increase the fetal mortality and morbidity and the using of Doppler umbilical artery indices decrease the fetal mortality and morbidity however, there is few complete data about the most frequently altered Doppler US parameters to predict fetal outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension . Methods This ia cohort prospective study done in two hundred and six women of second and third trimester presenting to antenatal clinic in Soba University Hospital at the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, in the fetus unit and critical pregnancy in the period From June 2008 to April 2013 to assess the Doppler indices of umbilical artery in pregnancy induced hypertension for prediction of prenatal outcome; 105 pregnancy induced hypertension patients and 101 women with uneventful pregnancies as normal control group included in this study . Baseline investigations and color Doppler of umbilical artery were done. Statistical analysis of data were done using SPSS, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) used to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of umbilical artery Doppler indices to predict fetal outcome. Results The study determine that there was significant difference in Doppler indices in PIH and control group ( p<0.01, the mean indices of umbilical artery is higher in PIH group compared with normal pregnancy group , the mean different of S/D ratio was 0.40, mean difference of RI was 0.06 and the mean different of PI index was 0.16, high percentage of adverse fetal outcome had been reported in in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension group than in control , which was more in absent and reversed flow velocity in umbilical artery in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension compared with group of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension with present end diastolic flow velocity. Systolic/Diastolic ratio was most accurate in predicting adverse outcome in pregnancy induced hypertension patients, followed by the Pulastility index then the Resistance index (75%, 66% and 57% respectively). Conclusion This study concluded that pregnancy induced hypertension leads to worsen placental insufficiently, which appears on the higher Doppler indices of umbilical artery to PIH patients when compared with normal pregnancy. A low diastolic flow and higher indices characterized the pregnancies with abnormal outcomes. Doppler of the umbilical artery was useful to predict fetal well being in PIH patients, high percentage of adverse fetal outcome had been reported in absent and reversed end diastolic flow velocity in umbilical artery compared with group of present flow velocity.

Measurements of the normal size of spleen and spleen to left kidney ratio among sudanese children up to five years age using ultrasonography

Background: Knowledge of the normal range of spleen size in the population being examined is very important because there are many different pathological conditions that may alter in spleen size. Also, gender, height, weight and BMI of individual, affect the splenic length and could result in incorrect interpretation of splenic measurements, spleen to left kidney ratio is one of recent parameter mention in literature aid in diagnosis of splenomegaly in children.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum state at Al-Buluk and Gaafar Ibnauf Paediatric Tertiary Hospital during the period from March 2018 to August 2018. A total of 101 children (males and females) with aged ranged 1 month to 5 years included in study. A transabdominal scan was performed, and measurement of spleen and left kidney taken after an ethical verbal consent from their parents, then data analyzed by SPSS, Mean±SD. Deviation for study variables calculated then correlation between patients factors and ultrasound measurements done.Results: The study found that the mean measurements of the normal size of the spleen and spleen to left kidney ratio for children up to five years of age, Splenic length was 7.24±1.12 cm, width was 3.83±0.81 cm , thickness 2.91±0.55 cm and spleen to left kidney ratio was 1.04±0.0.70 ranged (0.86-1.23). The male have larger spleen than female with no statistically significant differences in spleen sizes between the sexes. There was a strong significant correlation between age, weight, height  spleen and left kidney length (p<0.01)respectively and a moderate association with BMI (p<0.05).Conclusions: Spleen and left kidneys was growing rapidly and similarly in infant up to one year of life 1 mm\1 mm for each month and then decreasing growth rate of kidney in relate to spleen for 1 mm growth of spleen kidney grow 0.8 mm in up to five years of age. There was strong significant positive correlation between spleen and left kidney measurement with age, height, weight of individual. The spleen to left kidney ratio for children up to five years ranged (0.86-1.23) with mean 1.04, so if the ratio less or more than this ranged it should be considered in clinical context for diagnosis of splenomegaly or shrunken spleen in children up to five years of age.

Ocular complications of leprosy in Yemen

This study was conducted to identify the main ocular- and vision-threatening complications of leprosy in Yemen. This is a cross-sectional observational study which took place from February to July 2010. Leprosy patients attending the Skin and Venereal Diseases Hospital in the City of Light in Taiz, Yemen, who consented to participate in the study, were enrolled. Detailed demographic and medical histories were taken and clinical examination findings were recorded. A detailed eye examination, including visual acuity [VA], slit-lamp, and fundus examinations, was conducted on each patient by a qualified ophthalmologist. A total of 192 patients [180 male, 12 female, with a male to female ratio of 15:1] were included in the study. The majority of the patients [157; 81.8%] were over 40 years. Over two-thirds of the patients [129; 67.2%] had had leprosy for more than 20 years. Ocular complications were found in 97% of cases; 150 [39.1%] of the patients' eyes had at least one pathology. Eyelid involvement was the most common problem observed in 102 [26.5%] patients. Half of the eyes [192; 50%] had a VA of <6/60. The main cause of blindness among these patients was corneal opacity detected in 69 out of 192 patients [35.9%]. Ocular complications are frequent among leprosy patients in Yemen. They are true vision-threatening lesions. It is important to prevent these lesions through early diagnosis and adequate treatment

Does 80% of oxygen reduce the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting?

To test the efficacy of supplemental 80% oxygen administration in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] after ambulatory gynaecologic laparoscopy. This study was conducted at Al-Wahda Teaching Hospital. One hundred patients were given general anesthesia for ambulatory gynecological surgery. They were divided in to two groups. Group A was administered routine 30% oxygen, and group B was supplemented with 80% oxygen. Evaluation of the two groups in the recovery room and the female surgical ward 24 hours postoperatively revealed the presence of nausea and vomiting. The incidence of PONV was 60% after 30% oxygen administration, and 30% after 80% oxygen administration during the first 24 hours after ambulatory surgery. A day or 24 hours after surgery the patients elucidated more nausea and vomiting. Group A 62% and group B 55%. Antiemetic drugs was given to 27% of patients in group B. Supplemental 80% oxygen did not prevent PONV in patients undergoing ambulatory gynaecologic laparoscopy.

Diversity and seasonality of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Figitidae) in orchards of guava, loquat and peach / Diversidade e variação sazonal de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae) e seus parasitóides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Figitidae) em pomares de goiaba, nêspera e pêssego

This work was carried out in orchards of guava progenies, and loquat and peach cultivars, in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, in 2002 and 2003. Guavas and loquats were bagged and unbagged bi-weekly and weekly, respectively, for assessment of the infestation period. Peach was only bagged weekly. The assays started when the fruits were at the beginning of development, but still green. Ripe fruits were taken to the laboratory and placed individually into plastic cups. McPhail plastic traps containing torula yeast were hung from January 2002 to January 2004 to assess the fruit fly population in each orchard, but only the Ceratitis capitata population is here discussed. Five tephritid species were reared from the fruits: Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. sororcula Zucchi, and C. capitata, in addition to six lonchaeid species: Neosilba certa (Walker), N. glaberrima (Wiedemann), N. pendula (Bezzi), N. zadolicha McAlpine and Steyskal, Neosilba sp. 4, and Neosilba sp. 10 (both species are in the process of being described by P. C. Strikis), as well as some unidentified Neosilba species. Ten parasitoid species were obtained from fruit fly puparia, of which five were braconids: Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), and five figitids: Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead, Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton and Kelner-Pillaut), and Trybliographa infuscata Diaz, Gallardo and Uchôa. Ceratitis capitata showed a seasonal behavior with population density peaking at the second semester of each year. Anastrepha and Neosilba species remained in the orchards throughout both years.

Este trabalho foi realizado em três pomares em Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, em 2002 e 2003, representados por coleção de progênies de goiabeiras, de cultivares de nespereiras e de cultivares de pessegueiros. O período de infestação foi determinado por meio de ensacamento e desensacamento quinzenal e semanal de goiabas e nêsperas, respectivamente, e pelo ensacamento semanal de pêssegos. Os ensaios iniciaram-se com os frutos verdes (princípio de desenvolvimento). Os frutos maduros foram levados ao laboratório e acondicionados individualmente em copos plásticos. A flutuação populacional de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) foi avaliada por meio de armadilhas plásticas modelo McPhail com torula em cada pomar, de janeiro/2002 a janeiro/2004. Dos frutos foram obtidas cinco espécies de tefritídeos: Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. sororcula Zucchi e C. capitata e seis de lonqueídeos: Neosilba certa (Walker), N. glaberrima (Wiedemann), N. pendula (Bezzi), N. zadolicha McAlpine and Steyskal, Neosilba sp. 4 e Neosilba sp. 10, além de algumas espécies não-identificadas. Foram obtidas 10 espécies de parasitóides, cinco da família Braconidae - Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan e Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) - e cinco da família Figitidae - Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead, Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton and Kelner-Pillaut) e Trybliographa infuscata Diaz, Gallardo and Uchôa. Ceratitis capitata apresentou comportamento sazonal com picos populacionais durante o segundo semestre dos dois anos. As espécies de Anastrepha e de Neosilba permaneceram nos pomares durante os dois anos.

Spinal block complications in obstetrics and gynecology patients

To determine spinal complications during and after surgery in obstetrics and gynecological patients. We conducted a descriptive study in Al-Wahda and Aden Teaching Hospitals in Aden, Yemen from March 2004 to March 2005. One hundred and fifty obstetrics and gynecological patients were enrolled. Before and during surgery, pulse and blood pressure was monitored, and patients were observed for any complications of spinal anesthesia, for example, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, shivering, and total spinal block. Post operatively, the patients were followed to identify post-spinal headache, urine retention, neuralgia, back pain, and respiratory failure. Results of complications were related by applying statistical test. Hypotension during surgery was established at a very high percentage of 82%. This could be due to lack of preloading of the patients before spinal block. Vomiting was 61%, nausea 56%, shivering 30%, and total spinal anesthesia 2%. Post operatively, 77.3% patients had post spinal headache, which lasted 4 days, compared with patients who had been applied with non-cutting disposable needles. Urine retention was 38.7%, while back pain and neuralgia was 21.3% each, and respiratory failure was 1.3%. Hypotension was traced in a very high percentage of cases due to unawareness and ignorance of pre-anesthetic intravenous fluid loading by concerned staff. Post spinal headache was the second most common complication due to the usage of large, cutting, non-disposable needles

Effect of interferon: a on experimental schistosoma mansoni infection in mice

To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of the Th1 mediated cytokine IFN-alpha on schistosomiasis, this cytokine was weekly injected into mice experimentally infected with S. mansoni, beginning from day 0 [group II], week 3 [group III], week 6 [group IV] and week 10 [group V] post-infection. TGF beta 1 serum levels were estimated on a weekly basis and beginning one week after initiation of IFN-alpha therapy, while all animals were sacrified on week 14 to be used for egg counts in liver and small intestine, oogram study for determination of the maturity of deposited eggs, and histopathological examination of stained liver sections. IFN-alpha treated groups were characterized by a more intense oviposition in the intestine [liver/intestine ratio less than 1], with higher egg numbers the earlier IFN-alpha was administered. Oograms of the intestine indicated the level of immature eggs to be statistically significantly higher in group II, III and IV than in the control group I [p < 0.05]. In IFN-alpha medicated mice, the mean numbers and diameters of hepatic granulomas were less than in GI, in addition to a lower representation of fibrocellular and fibrous granulomas among them [all parameters p < 0.05], especially in Gs IV and V. The inflammatory cell population in the form of eosinophils, histiocytes and giant cells was more pronounced in Gs III, IV and V. TGF-beta 1 serum levels showed a progressive rise, however more pronounced in the untreated control. A statistically positive significant was established between TGF-beta 1 levels and number, size and percentage of fibrotic hepatic granulomas in all groups